Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder where there is a progressive destruction of the myelin sheath of the neurons in the central neural system . The destroyed region of the myelin sheath forms scar tissue or plaques . Every time new plaques are formed , a fresh attack occurs . Symptoms include weakness in muscles , double vision and other abnormal sensations .
Epilepsy or seizures is characterised by abnormal synchronous electrical discharges from many neurons in the brain resulting in involuntary contractions of the skeletal muscle and abnormal sensations of smell , sight and hearing .
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia ( a group of conditions that gradually destroy brain cells ) among the elderly and leads to a progressive decline in mental function . It slowly decreases a person's memory and ability to learn , reason , make judgements , communicate and carry out daily activities . There is no cure and currently available medications provide small symptomatic benefits for some patients but are unable to reduce disease progression.
Parkinson's disease is a degenerative motor system disorder that affects muscle control . It is caused by the loss of dopamine producing brain cells . Symptoms include trembling and stiffness of the limbs and trunk ; postural instability impaired balance and coordination leading to difficulty in movement , communication and day - to - day activities .
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric mental disorder in which a person cannot differentiate between real and unreal experiences, cannot think logically or behave normally in social situations . Patients may show a variety of symptoms , such as delusions , hallucinations , disordered thoughts , negativism , rigidity or lack of emotions . It may be caused due to genetic , social or psychological factors.
Manish Mevada
M.Sc, M.Phil, B.Ed
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