Manstrual Cycle | Menopause | Disorder of female Reproductive system

MENSTRUAL CYCLE

The first menstruation begins at puberty and is called menarche. In human females , menstruation is repeated at an average interval of about 28/29 days and the cycle of events starting from one menstruation till the next one is called menstrual cycle.

The menstrual cycle can be functionally divided into four phases.

Menstrual phase -1st 5th Days

Endometrium breaks down , menstruation begins . The cells of endometrium , secretions , blood and the unfertilised ovum constitute the menstrual flow . Progesterone and estrogen production is reduced .

Follicular phase  ( Proliferative phase ) 6th - 13th Days

Endometrium rebuilds, secretion of FSH and estrogen increases.

Ovulatory phase 14th Days

Both LH and FSH attain a peak level . Concentration of estrogen in the blood is also high and reaches its peak . Ovulation occurs

Luteal phase ( Secretory phase ) 15th - 28th Days

luteum secretes progesterone , Endometrium thickens and uterine glands  become secretory .

Menopause

It is the phase in the life of a woman when ovulation and menstruation stop . During this condition , ovaries fail to respond or may be resistant to FSH . In this case FSH levels are very high and the estrogen level very low . It occurs between 45 to 55 years .

Disorder of female Reproductive system

Breast cancer

Breast cancer is rarely seen before the age of thirty . Its incidence increases after menopause.

Infertility

Infertility in women is the inability to become pregnant . It may be due to failure to ovulate or some anatomical factor that prevents the union of egg and sperm.

Endometriosis

It is the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus . Symptoms include premenstrual pain or unusual menstrual pain.

Cervical cancer

It is relatively slow - growing cancer . Its main risk is that it is unnoticed until it has invaded other tissues .

Oophorocystosis ( Ovarian cysts )

Ovarian cysts are fluid filled tumors of the ovary . Such cysts sometimes rupture and regress ( get smaller ) during pregnancy .

Ectopic pregnancy

It is implantation of embryo at a place other than uterus , generally in the oviduct .

Oophoritis

It is inflammation of ovary , usually caused by an infection .

MANISH MEVADA

M.Sc, M.Phil, B.Ed